Over 6000 Koreans were slaughtered by the Japanese state and vigilantes following the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923. Yet, historiography of the Kanto Massacre often reduces it to an inexplicable historical aberration, or, in more sympathetic accounts, an act of state-sponsored murder. While the latter is undoubtedly accurate, Sunik Kim demonstrates that the massacre only becomes fully comprehensible from a political-economic perspective: that of the Korean worker as relative surplus population, and the Japanese colonial police as direct agent of capitalist production itself.